The Current State of Automated Traffic Signal Performance Measures

How ATSPMs Will Continue to Change

ATSPMs will, without question, continue to evolve and shape the future of traffic management. Even in the past several years, there have been significant changes.  In 2020, NCHRP Report 954 was released, a collaborative effort between Kittelson and researchers at Purdue University. This guidebook explained the requirements for an ATSPM system, how to interpret common performance measures, and how ATSPMs can improve day-to-day traffic signal system management.

Since then, this technology has continued to change. One of the most notable shifts has been from traditional server-based systems located in agency facilities to cloud computing, allowing agencies to process and store vast amounts of traffic data more efficiently. Not only can it be cost-effective, but cloud computing also makes scalability more feasible.

Additionally, the user interfaces of ATSPM systems have seen significant improvement. Interfaces that were once clunky and difficult to navigate have evolved into more intuitive, user-friendly dashboards. Traffic engineers can more easily interpret and act on the data they receive.

Agencies are also expanding their focus beyond vehicle throughput. They are using the data gathered by ATSPMs to examine how signals impact safety, transit efficiency, and the experiences of pedestrians and cyclists.

Looking to the Future

Several areas are likely to see development in the coming years, including:

• These systems not only collect data from vehicles but also from connected devices, such as smartphones and other telematics devices, further expanding the ability to gather data without needing to connect to the agency’s communications network. This data will likely become even more prevalent as connected vehicles (CVs) become more common.
• Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). These tools could also play an increasingly important role in interpreting traffic data and automating signal adjustments. These technologies have the potential to optimize signal timing and traffic flow in ways that are difficult to achieve manually.
• Shifting to multimodal traffic management. As agencies become more comfortable with ATSPMs, there will likely be an expansion of application to include multimodal traffic management, integrating data from public transportation systems, pedestrian crossings, and bicycles. This holistic approach will help create an overall more sustainable and efficient transportation network.

Challenges Facing ATSPM Implementation

ATSPMs represent a significant leap forward in traffic signal management, offering real-time data, improved safety, and operational efficiency. However, successfully implementing these systems requires addressing challenges such as scalability of infrastructure, securing funding, and cybersecurity.

Securing Funds for ATSPMs

Funding for ATSPMs can come from various sources, and understanding how to secure these funds is key for agencies looking to adopt the technology.

In recognition of myriad benefits of ATSPMs, the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL) has created several new funding avenues to offset the burden faced by localities seeking to outfit their networks with ATSPM systems.

Programs such as the SMART Grants specifically call out ATSPMs as a priority technology for improving traffic management.

Working with consultants can help agencies prepare grant applications and conceptualize their ATSPM projects. In 2022, Kittelson worked with the Montana Department of Transportation (MDT) to develop a concept of operations for a new ATSPM system. This set the agency up to submit a SMART Grant application. Throughout this process, Kittelson helped MDT refine their approach to ATSPMs and prepare to execute a pilot project.

Security in the Information Age

As more systems move to cloud-based platforms, cybersecurity also becomes a larger area of concern for some. Any system that connects to external servers or relies on data from various sensors may introduce vulnerabilities. This forces agencies to balance the need for real-time traffic data with stringent cybersecurity protocols to protect against unauthorized access.

Many agencies, such as the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT), have prioritized cybersecurity by working closely with internal technology divisions to ensure compliance with these requirements. This highlights the necessity of intra- and interagency collaboration, especially for agencies managing traffic signals across different jurisdictions. Effective communication and cooperation between departments are essential to ensure seamless data sharing, system integration, and operational consistency.

How to Successfully Deploy ATSPMs

Those who were on the frontline of ATSPM adoption have provided valuable insights into best practices for implementation. These takeaways will be critical for agencies moving forward in deploying their own ATSPMs. This includes:

• Be patient. Deploying ATSPMs is more than updating signal technology. It requires a shift in signalization management that takes time. Agencies that are starting to explore this technology will likely encounter roadblocks, but it is possible to overcome them with time and the necessary support.
• Understand the best starting point is not always the best end point. Getting off the ground with this technology is a major first step, and over time, agencies should expect it to evolve.
• Collaborate across departments. Successful ATSPM deployment requires strong collaboration, especially within IT departments. Whether storing data on local servers or in the cloud, IT support is critical for setting up, maintaining, and securing the system.
• Think through business practices. This shift to a more responsive system has the potential to enhance both maintenance efficiency and signal timing optimization. As ATSPMs are integrated into traffic management workflows, it’s important to determine how to best utilize the freed-up resources from automation and create processes that align with their specific operational goals.
• Develop a clear plan on how to use data. It’s crucial for agencies to determine exactly how data will be used. Without clear objectives, ATSPMs can generate a vast amount of data that may not be effectively utilized. Agencies should establish goals, such as reducing travel time, improving safety, or enhancing multimodal integration, to ensure that the data collected is driving meaningful improvements.

Working with a team of experienced consultants can make the deployment of ATSPMs more effective for all parties. If you have any questions about ATSPM deployment or want to talk about a specific project, please reach out!